Environmental, Health and Safety Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental, Health and Safety - Term Paper Example The term paper "Environmental, Health and Safety" discusses job functions and EHS representative responsibilities related to environmental protection, Worker health and safety, and Environmental protection as seen at Exxon Mobil and Shell Oil and Gas. Both the companies discussed in this paper are incorporated in Texas, USA. Shell environmental job functions entail ongoing effort to uncover ways to help lessen the impact of trade actions all over the world. The company’s environmental professional works in tandem with their business contemporaries across various operations and projects. They also help to sustain the application and development of modern technologies and work together with external partners as well. The EHS representatives of Shell work to avert any incidents that may consequence in leakage of harmful and unsafe substances. The company’s policies have very strong foundations and it also recognizes that a significant oil spill disaster due to company†™s negligence should be dealt by Shell and its representatives. The company outlines prepares and practices disaster management policies in response to events that can create a negative impact on the environment or threaten public safety. Shell’s EHS representatives are committed to mitigating the consequences to the environment and people. The company is passionate about the safety standards both at sea and land. Shell has been working for about over a century in the business of governments, industry shipping bodies and other private stakeholders.

Finance- maybe Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Finance- maybe Risk Management - Essay Example As a result, it is imperative to ensure financial risks are acknowledged and managed properly (What is Financial Risk Management?, n.d., p. 1). We would build up a positive hypothesis of the hedging behavior of value optimizing corporations. Hedging is treated by companies simply as a part of the organization’s financing decisions. The paper pays attention to the impact of the hedging strategy on the organization’s investment decisions. Our theory provides answer to the question- why some organizations hedge and others do not. The goal of hedging in risk management is to decrease the fundamental volatility of cash flows and curtail the likelihood of large losses. The current study intends to discuss this issue. Risk provides the foundation for chance (Boyle, Coleman and Li, n.d., p. 1). Risk is the probability of losses resulting from events such as alterations in market prices. Events with a low likelihood of occurrence, but those causing a high loss, are predominantly troublesome since they are often not predicted (What is Financial Risk Management?, n.d., p. 1-2). Financial risk arises through innumerable transactions of economic nature, comprising of sales and purchases, ventures and loans, and a variety of other dealing activities. It can occur as a result of legal deals, new schemes, mergers and acquisitions, debt financing, the power constituent of costs, or through the activities of supervision, stakeholders, contenders, foreign governments, or climate (What is Financial Risk Management?, n.d., p. 2). Approaches for risk management frequently occupy derivatives. Financial derivatives are a sort of hazard management tool (Risk Management and Financial Derivatives, n.d, p. 1). Derivatives are traded extensively among financial organizations and on structured exchanges. The value of derivatives agreements, such as futures, forwards, options, and swaps, is based on the cost of the fundamental asset. Derivatives’

Negative Impact of Uneducated Women in Third World Countries

Negative Impact of Uneducated Women in Third World Countries Armed and Educated: Negative Impacts of Uneducated Women in Third World Countries as seen in Malala Yousafzais Memoir, I Am Malala As the Western society continues to progress, it is becoming increasingly evident that the barriers that once restricted and defied millions of women around the world, are slowly being deconstructed and reconstructed as society begins to change its views on gender parity and feminism. This is not only reflected in womens new roles and jobs within the Western society, but also in politics as women are now able to run and vote. On the other hand, despite the progress, millions of girls in non-Western developing areas such as South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, still continue to suffer severe disadvantages as they are often subjugated by men and stripped of their basic human rights. One of these basic rights includes the right to an education, yet, most girls in non-Western societies are excluded from the education systems throughout their lives. This is a huge problem as the lack of education is what is creating the barrier that prevents women from obtaining equality in society. Recent research and evidence has shown that education is one of the most critical areas of empowerment for a girl, overall leading to a healthier and more productive life. However, since their rights are taken away from birth, they lose the right to learn, grow, and succeed in life. In her memoir I Am Malala, Malala Yousafzai, a Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest-ever winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, accurately depicts the struggles and negative impact of uneducated women in third world countries. There are many factors that contribute to a developing nations extremely low female literacy rate. One of the primary reasons for this is the lack of proper schooling facilities, qualified teachers, and/or teaching aids such as textbooks. This is especially true for girls living in more remote areas of the country. Additionally, in many parts of the developing world, the nearest school to a community might be a four to five-hour long walk. Apart from it being exhausting and time consuming, girls also face the threat of violence or sexual assault on the way to school. Thus, many parents opt to keep their daughters at home. According to UNESCOs regional overview on sub-Saharan Africa in 2013, more than 68% of the girls that do make the long journey to school everyday end up dropping out before they complete primary school (Stepp). Malala further supports this as she witnesses most of the children in refugee settlements were not going to school. Sometimes there was no school. Sometimes it was unsafe to walk to school. And sometimes children were working instead of being educated (Yousafzai XIX). Furthermore, another main reason why many families in developing countries choose not to educate their daughters is because they cannot afford it as there are a lot of costs associated with it. The cost of uniforms, textbooks, and schooling facilities can be too much to bear for a family living in poverty. For the families that can afford it however, boys are often favored to receive an education over girls. This is especially evident during Malalas trip to Nigeria when she discovers that many girls were [her] age and all had dreams of being doctors or teachers or scientistsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but only 4 percent of girls in Northern Nigeria finish school (Yousafzai XVIII). Lastly, another reason for the lack of female education in developing countries is the cultural beliefs and gender norms of the society. In the male-dominated society, women are typically viewed as nothing m ore than the property of the men. Most cultures believe that a womens sole purpose is to serve the men of the house, do household chores, reproduce and care for the children while the man goes out to provide for the family. Due to these misguided gender norms, many girls do not have the opportunity to attend school because their contributions to the household are valued more than their personal education. These gender norms are extremely prevalent when Malala states that [she] was a girl born in a land where rifles are fired in celebration of a son, while daughters are hidden away behind a curtain, their role in life simply to prepare food and give birth to children (Yousafzai 13). In any case, millions of women in developing nations are unable to receive an education and this has several negative impacts on different aspects of womens lives. The negative effects that uneducated women have on their society include both personal and social factors. For starters, many women that are uneducated are more susceptible to early marriages usually against their will (in some cases girls as young as eight or ten). This results in millions of illiterate young girls without the appropriate tools to build healthy, educated families. The Voices of Youth organization stated that for every year a girl stays in school past fifth grade, her marriage is delayed a year (Madu). Similarly, Malala emphasizes this point when she states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[parents] are just waiting for their daughters to be married off while the sons went to school (Yousafzai 29). This in turn, leads to most girls giving birth at an extremely young age, resulting in a higher mortality rate among young girls during child birth or simply because the child is unhealthy. Studies have shown that an extra year of schooling for girls also reduces fertility rates by 17% (Joshi). Secondly, uneducated women also have a lot of difficulty communicating and expressing themselves at home or in public. Doing simple tasks like reading signs or paying at the grocery store proves to be quite difficult for many young women as they have not had the opportunity to learn how to read. Malala relates a story of a young girl she saw selling oranges. She was scratching marks on a piece of paper with a pencil to account for the oranges she sold, as she could not read or write (Yousafzai 217). Lastly, the lack of educated people in developing countries is what allows educated people to exploit their ignorance. This is especially true of the government or religious leaders that use fear and ignorance to bring themselves to power or to have a huge portion of the population under their control. For example, several times throughout her memoir, Malala states that the lack of education is the root of all of Pakistans problems, and that ignorance allowed politicians to foo l people and bad administrators to be re-elected (Yousafzai 41). The government makes promises and manipulates people to the point where people are convinced that the corrupt authorities are fit to be in power. After elections, however, all the promises that are made are forgotten and the nation suffers for years before another election takes place and the same thing happens all over again. What is worse is using a natural disaster that devastated a nation to preach religious extremes. This is portrayed several times throughout Malalas memoir- after an earthquake struck Pakistan, religious leaders called Mullahs preached the earthquake was a warning from God. They said it was caused by womens freedom and obscenity. If we did not mend our ways and introduce Sharia or Islamic lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ more severe punishments would come (Yousafzai 107). Preaching misinterpreted verses from the Quran and exploiting the ignorance of people who did not understand Arabic worked well to their adva ntage as fear made it particularly easy to manipulate them. As can be seen, the lack of education has severe negative impacts which can easily be prevented if women are educated. Education has so many benefits, but lack thereof blinds people to the fact that knowledge is power and it is one of the most powerful weapons against mass manipulation and exploitation. Education, especially in developing countries, is extremely valuable as it can solve many of the countrys problems. Educating women of the country comes with its own list of benefits, most of which people are ignorant towards. Firstly, it is no secret that poverty and illiteracy go hand in hand. Research has shown that most illiterate women live in countries with increasing economic difficulties and enormous debt burdens (Madu). What citizens of developing countries refuse to acknowledge is that the solution lies in educating their women. When women are educated, it enables them to contribute to their countrys income as more women begin to join the labor force. According to UNICEF, when ten percent more women attend school, GDP increases by three percent on average (UNICEF.org). This may potentially abolish poverty and many of the other problems developing countries are faced with. Secondly, women who are well educated and receive an independent income will naturally find their voice not just in the family, but also within their society. In other words, women gain the self-confidence and courage they need to speak out and resist the injustice they see around them, or are facing themselves. This is directly reflected in Malala herself as she found her own voice growing up in [her] fathers school (Yousafzai 118). Knowledge is addicting and having the luxury of education from an early age left her craving for more, despite the threats of Mullahs and the Taliban. Thus, she continues to advocate for womens right to education. Furthermore, the role that educated mothers play in reducing infant and child mortality is profound. Results in Africa indicate a 40% in child survival for mothers with five years of primary education (Wade). This is because educated women tend to have fewer and healthier children. In addition to this, when women are educated, they are more likely to ensure that their children are also educated leading to a future generation that is well equipp ed to contribute to society. It is rightly said that investing in a girls education is investing in a nation. In fact, there is an African proverb that says, If we educate a boy, we educate one person. If we educate a girl, we educate a family- and a whole nation (Stepp). To conclude, education not only removes ignorance, but allows for women to unleash their full potential by becoming conscious, skilled and productive citizens. All in all, it is proven that educating women in developing countries is the solution to reducing the issue of gender parity as well as enabling womens full potential, while simultaneously boosting their developing nations economy. The proof lies not only in Malala Yousafzais memoir, I Am Malala, which accurately represents the struggles of uneducated women in developing countries, but also in the statistics that show the negative impacts of uneducated women as well as the benefits of education.   Educated women obtain the knowledge, skills, and self-confidence that they need to lead healthier, more productive lives while raising the standards of living for their families and communities. It is hard to believe that the solution lies in half the worlds population, yet so many leaders are oblivious to it or are refusing to change their methods. Works Cited Girls education and gender equality. Girls education and gender equality. UNICEF, 23 July 2015. Web. 23 Nov. 2016. https://www.unicef.org/education/bege_70640.html. Girls education: A lifeline to development. Girls education: A lifeline to development. UNICEF, 22 Mar. 2011. Web. 2 Nov. 2016. https://www.unicef.org/sowc96/ngirls.htm. Joshi, Mohit, Essay on Importance of Women Education. Essay on Importance of Women Education~. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, 1970. Web. 13 Oct. 2016. http://hamroessay.blogspot.ca/2015/06/essay-important-of-women-education.html. Madu, Chima F. Education for Aspiring Young Women. Voices of Youth. 2013. Web. 12 Dec. 2016. http://www.voicesofyouth.org/en/posts/why-we-should-support-girls-4. Stepp, Lauren. Top 10 Reasons Why Female Education is Important-TBP. The Borgen Project. UNESCO, 2016. Web. 20 Dec. 2016. http://borgenproject.org/top-10-reasons-female-education-important/. Wade, Sarah. 5 Reasons You Should Care About Girls Education. United Nations Foundation.United Nations Foundation, 8 July 2013. Web. 17 Dec. 2016. http://www.unfoundation.org/blog/5-reasons.html. Yousafzai, Malala. I am Malala: the girl who stood up for education and was shot by the Taliban. New York, NY: Little, Brown, Company, 2013. Print. MLA formatting by http://bibme.org/ Bibliography Girls education and gender equality. Girls education and gender equality. UNICEF, 23 July 2015. Web. 23 Nov. 2016. https://www.unicef.org/education/bege_70640.html. Girls Education and Gender Equality. Global Partnership for Education. N.p., Sept. 2015. Web.20 Oct. 2016. http://www.globalpartnership.org/focus-areas/girls-education. Girls education: A lifeline to development. Girls education: A lifeline to development. UNICEF, 22 Mar. 2011. Web. 2 Nov. 2016. https://www.unicef.org/sowc96/ngirls.htm. Girls Education. Girls Education. The World Bank. n.d. Wev. 16 Dec. 2016. http://www.worldbank.org/en/tropic/girlseducation. Joshi, Mohit, Essay on Importance of Women Education. Essay on Importance of Women Education~. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, 1970. Web. 13 Oct. 2016. http://hamroessay.blogspot.ca/2015/06/essay-important-of-women-education.html. Madu, Chima F. Education for Aspiring Young Women. Voices of Youth. 2013. Web. 12 Dec. 2016. http://www.voicesofyouth.org/en/posts/why-we-should-support-girls-4. Oneil, Micheal . Top 10 Facts You Dont Know About Girls Education. ABC News. ABC News Network, 7 Oct. 2013. Web. 7 Dec. 2016. http://abcnews.go.com/International/10-facts-girls-education/story?id=20474260. Roudi-Fahimi, Farzaneh, and Valentine M. Moghadam. Empowering Women, Developing Society: Female Education in the Middle East and North Africa. Empowering Women, Developing Society: Female Education in the Middle East and North Africa.   N.p., 2009. Web. 20 Dec. 2016. http://www.prb.org/Publications/Reports/2003/EmpoweringWomenDevelopingSocietyFemaleEducationintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.aspx Stepp, Lauren. Top 10 Reasons Why Female Education is Important-TBP. The Borgen Project. UNESCO, 2016. Web. 20 Dec. 2016. http://borgenproject.org/top-10-reasons-female-education-important/. The Worlds Women 2010: Trends and Statistics. United Nations Statistics Division Demographic and Social Statistics. United Nations, 12 Feb. 2011. Web. 4 Nov. 2016. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/Worldswomen/Executive%20summary.htm. Wade, Sarah. 5 Reasons You Should Care About Girls Education. United Nations Foundation.United Nations Foundation, 8 July 2013. Web. 17 Dec. 2016. http://www.unfoundation.org/blog/5-reasons.html. Yousafzai, Malala, and Christina Lamb. Free, safe, quality education is the right of every girl. The Malala Fund. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Dec. 2016. https://www.malala.org/girls-education. Yousafzai, Malala. I am Malala: the girl who stood up for education and was shot by the Taliban. New York, NY: Little, Brown, Company, 2013. Print.

Batman :: essays research papers

The best part of Batman Begins was its ending... and I'm not being sarcastic. As I was watching the last scene of the movie, I wanted to jump out of my seat and cheer when Jim Gordon handed Batman the Joker playing card. It's been a while since I reacted with such glee at the promise of a sequel (usually it's more of, "hay nako, may part two pa yan!"). Yes, the movie was that good. Without question this is the best Batman movie ever made. Finally we have a film adaptation that shows the essence of who Batman is: not a superhero, but an ordinary guy (as ordinary as a billionaire playboy can be) doing extraordinary things in the name of justice. This is what sets Batman apart from all the Supermans and Spidermans out there (and what makes him my favorite comic book hero of all time): he is human, so very human, which makes him, and his fight for right, all the more real. That, and his perennial angst, which I can totally relate to. Haha. I wish I could meet director Chris Nolan so I could shake his hand for rescuing the Batman franchise from its shlock purgatory that was Schumacher-Land. Hats (and cowls) off to underappreciated actor Christian Bale, who filled in the Batsuit quite nicely (and his gravelly Batman voice was spot on!), but more importantly, he gave both Bruce Wayne and Batman true character. And of course I also applaud the excellent supporting cast of acting greats: Liam Neeson shows that he's not just wise old mentor material (the twist at the end surprised and impressed me-- who would have thunk it? Ra's al Ghul is IRISH!:p), Michael Caine shows why he's the obvious and really only choice to play wry, reliable Alfred, Morgan Freeman shows how an understated, classy performance can be memorable, and Gary Oldman shows an entirely new (at least new to me) facet of his acting prowess by turning in what I think is the real breakthrough performance in the movie. It was kind of freaky seeing someone who usu ally plays scary, psycho villains transform into gruff, kindly, future-commissioner Gordon. My only complaint about Batman Begins is that Katie Holmes is in it. Every time I see that infuriatingly irritating smirk on her face I want to slap her silly. I hated her as early as her Dawson's Creek days, and I hate her even more now that she and that jackass Tom what's-his-name are shoving their icky May-December romance in our faces.

Analysis and Interpertation of “Stolpestad”

Stolpestad by William Lychack I believe that we often consider the fact that we don’t get enough out of our lives. We think a lot about whether we live our lives to the full. Maybe someone chooses not to live an exciting life where every day, is a new day and a new opportunity. Whether we live a boring life – sometimes alone, sometimes with a family – we still wonder if we get enough out of our every day and avoid living a stagnant life. But is that even possible? Or does some just choose to live a predetermined life – which might make them feel secure because it’s something familiar – even though they might find it boring?But maybe it’s not possible to live a secure life with a family and a good job without getting tired of it? Maybe some people are just stuck in a boring life, without doing something to change it. I believe that is what we see in this short story by William Lychack, where we hear about police officer Stolpestad and h is stagnant life. Stolpestad certainly seems to be stuck in a routine – a boring life, where every day is the same. Day in and day out. As mentioned above we hear about the main character Stolpestad. He’s a police officer who doesn’t seem to be pleased about how his life turned out to be.He doesn’t seem happy about his job and it just seems like his life is at a standstill: â€Å"Was toward the end of your shift, a Saturday, another one of those long slow lazy afternoons of summer – sun never burning through the clouds, clouds never breaking into rain – †¦ † The day is described in a bit negative way because of the choice of words such as â€Å"long† â€Å"lazy† and â€Å"slow†. But it also seems like both these word and the weather description are a symbol of Stolpestad’s life. Everything seems a kind of inadequate – just like the weather.The sun is never really shining so much that it’s sunny, but at the same time, it’s not really rain either. The weather seems a kind of stagnant – just as Stolpestads life. A characteristic feature of this short story is the narrator view. The story is told in 2. Person but at the same time the text refers to Stolpestad as a â€Å"you† which means that it seems like it’s actually Stolpestad who’s telling the story. Maybe even telling the story to himself. The way this short story is written is a kind of what you would find in self-help books – and not in the ordinary short stories.Besides that it’s not quite clear when the persons in the story are actually speaking and when it’s just actions and Stolpestad’s thoughts: â€Å"Maybe you’ll take that glass if water after all, you say – the boy sent into the house – the woman asking if you won’t just help them. Doesn’t she want to call a vet? No, she tells you – the boy pushing out of the house with a glass of water for you – you thanking him and taking a good long drink, †¦Ã¢â‚¬  This quote also shows that the text is a bit difficult to read because it’s hard to figure out whether people is actually speaking or if the text is just written in a spoken language.There’re lot of things which symbolize Stolpestad’s life. For instance there’s the weather, but also the setting is a symbol of his boring life. Everything is described in a negative way: â€Å" †¦ the odometer like a clock ticking all these bored little pent-up streets and mills and tenements away. The coffee shop, the liquor stores, Laundromats, police, fire, gas stations to pass – †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The shops Stolpestad passes are plain and a kind of colorless, and it’s something he sees every day. We also hear that he passes his old childhood which means that he actually never really moved away.He just stayed in the same old town where he was born. Maybe therefore you could say that he never really got any further in his life. He just stayed â€Å"along the same sad streets. † The main theme in this short story is clear all the way through the text, and there’re a lot of symbols of Stolpestad and his life. A couple of them is ready mentioned, but also the dog, which he is supposed to shoot, is a symbol of Stolpestad. The dog is injured and about to die, but still it’s a live even though its condition might seem critical.You could say the same about Stolpestad. He is a kind of a living dead person, because it seems like his day is done in â€Å"zombie-mode†. He doesn’t get very much out of his life, he’s just trying to survive another day at the office, with the wife, the children and the sad streets. So the main theme – and also the conclusion – is that stagnation isn’t something good. You have to wake up and get something out of the day and your life, instea d wasting your precious time at endless bar visits and a job where you don’t even want to go.Stolpestad is really stuck in his life, and he doesn’t get any further, and maybe that’s what the point of this story is all about. William Lychack is trying to tell us that we shouldn’t just settle for a boring life. We should go out there and find who and what we wanted – and where we wanted it. But whether Stolpestad actually wants or tries to break with his stagnant life is uncertain but it could seem like it in the end of the story, where Stolpestad is actually heading toward the woods – maybe a symbol of something different or something new.But in the end Stolpestad is stuck in his life.. and reality stands in the door – and she wants her husband to come back inside again, and back to his every day routine. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Stol pestad by William Lychack. Page 1. line 1-4 [ 2 ]. Stolpestad by William Lychack. Page 2. line 62-66. [ 3 ]. Stolpestad by William Lychack. Page 1. line 3-5 [ 4 ]. Stolpestad by William Lychack. Page 1. Line 11

Economic Ideas of Mercantilism in Comparison

Mercantilism was an early capitalistic economic concept, which was based on the following principle: the only sources of a country’s wealth are the money funds and precious metals it possesses, so the more money a nation has the richer it is supposed to be. According to this theory, the government has to follow the policy of protectionism and keeping the money inside of the country, encouraging only domestic trade and the exports, at that reducing the imports and creating maximum trade surplus. This theory was severely criticized by an outstanding Scottish philosopher and economy theorist Adam Smith, who argued that the welfare of the country can not be measured only with money. The main difference of Smith’s theory from mercantilism is his conclusion that not only money accumulation, but also free market and vivid international trade, healthy industrial competition, make-work activities, product exchange and other factors of free market economy are essential for boosting national welfare. In addition, Smith was against the necessity of tough governmental control of the exports and imports, as well as against of any sorts of trade barriers, market limitations and restrictions imposed by government.   He claimed that only market forces have to determine the types and volumes of manufacturing, the directions of international trade, etc. He was convinced that national economy itself will find the most effective ways of own development. Undoubtedly, the findings and ideas of Adam Smith are more influential and important for modern economy, because now the majority of the countries practice one or another form of free market economy. But there are still supporters of the mercantilist ideas, who argue that exports bring more positive outcomes to national economy (new working places, new incomes, etc.) than the imports do, and that is why the exports have to be encouraged. References: Ball, D., McCulloh, W. H., Geringer, M., Frantz, P.L. & Minor, M. S. (2005). International Business. 10th Ed. Columbus, OH: The McGraw-Hill Co.

Caffeine Extraction from Tea Leaves Essays

Caffeine Extraction from Tea Leaves Essays Caffeine Extraction from Tea Leaves Paper Caffeine Extraction from Tea Leaves Paper Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Marc Tugaoen, Kristine Vanzuela, Rafael Villanueva, Justeen Wong Department of Chemistry, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines Abstract This experiment has been divided into 4 set-ups, first was the solid-liquid extraction, next was the liquid-liquid extraction, then the sublimation and last was the melting point determination. The solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction were both done during the first meeting, the DCM layer was filtered and dried in the evaporating dish and kept inside the locker. The dried was light green, somewhat powdery flakes and was rough, this was purified through sublimation. The %yield of the caffeine was 0. 11%. The last part was determining the melting point of the pure caffeine collected, standard started to melt at 220? and melted completely at 228? while the caffeine started to melt at 228? and completely melted at 231?. Introduction The objectives of the experiment are to a. isolate, purify and characterize caffeine from tea leaves and to b. calculate the percentage yield of caffeine. The active ingredient in the tea and coffee is the caffeine, which is an alkaloid. Alkaloids contain nitrogen and have properties of an organic amine base. Caffeine has a mild stimulating effect on the central nervous system. Caffeine belongs to the family of xanthine, which is known as stimulants. Caffeine is the most powerful xanthine because of its ability to increase alertness, put off sleep and increase ones capacity for thinking. It also relaxes blood vessels and increases urination. Other than tea leaves, caffeine can also be found in coffee, cocoa beans and kola nuts. Tea leaves consist mostly of  cellulose, caffeine, and a small amount of chlorophyll. The solubility of caffeine in water is 22 mg/ml at 25 ·C, 180 mg/ml at 80 ·C, and 670 mg/ml at 100 ·C. [1] There have been several concerns about the health risks of caffeine, although scientists have already said that normal consumption of caffeine doesn’t increase health risks. Many consumers still try to avoid caffeine, and because of these reason that decaffeinating coffee and tea has been an important industrial process. [2] Extraction is the technique we use to separate organic compounds from a mixture of compounds. It is the process of obtaining mixture or compound through chemical, physical and mechanical means. Results and Discussion In order to extract the caffeine from the tea leaves the solid-liquid extraction and liquid-liquid extraction were done first. During the solid-liquid extraction of caffeine from the tea leaves water was used because its cheap and nontoxic. Caffeine is only slightly soluble in  hot water, and nearly insoluble in  cold water, making it easy to get it to partition into a better solvent [4]. The aqueous layer was added with the dichloromethane or CH2Cl2 to easily extract caffeine since it’s more soluble in CH2Cl2. To make sure that the solvent moves in all the tea leaf particles to extract caffeine, the separatory funnel was gently shaken. The stopcock was also slightly opened to let out any pressure. Sodium hydroxide was used to make sure that other substances, which are slightly soluble to dichloromethane, are eliminated by converting them to their salts that remain in the water [5]. The boiled tea leaves had two layers the aqueous and the CH2Cl2 layer, and these two were separated, this is the liquid-liquid extraction part. The liquid-liquid extraction resulted in a CH2Cl2 layer which was kept in the evaporating dish and dried. Fig. 1 CH2Cl2 Layer (lower) and Aqueous Layer (upper) Fig. 2 Filtered DCM layer in an evaporating dish The crude caffeine was colored light green, somewhat powdered flakes and had a rough texture. Fig. 3 Dried DCM layer According to Wikipedia. org sublimation refers to the process of transition of a substance from the  solid  phase to the  gas  phase without passing through an intermediate liquid  phase. Sublimation process was done to purify the crude caffeine; this was a delicate part because we must be careful in handling the test tube for the purified caffeine might fall from its attachment into the test tube. The purified caffeine was colored white, fine, and also somewhat powdery and flakey. Fig. 4 Purified caffeine during sublimation Table 1. Characteristics of Crude and Purified Caffeine| | Color| Appearance| Size| Crude| Light green| Powdery, flakes| fine| Purified| White| Powdery, flakes| fine| The last part was the melting point determination. In this part we are able to tell the purity of the caffeine through the range of the melting point. Table 2. Melting point of Caffeine and Standard| | T1| T2| T1-T2| Caffeine| 228| 231| -3| Standard| 220| 228| -8| Based on the result caffeine is more pure than the standard because the range of its melting point is less compared to the standard. Table 3. Weight of Tea Leaves and Pure Caffeine| Tea leaves| 5. 3692g| Vial w/ cap| 29. 6286g| Vial w/o cap| 27. 8898g| Vial (w/cap) and Caffeine| 29. 6343g| Caffeine| 0. 0057g| Based on the data above the percent yield we got was 0. 11% Experimental Three teabags were opened; tea leaves were combined and weighed. After weighing the tea leaves were returned in the tea bags and were secured with strings and staple wire. Teabags were then boiled in 100ml water for 5 minutes. Fig. 5 Boiling tea leaves Fig. 6 Boiled tea The side of the flask was cooled in running water for 2 minutes. Then the ice cube was mixed in the teas extract cooling to room temperature. The tea extract was then transferred in the separatory funnel which has 20ml of CH2Cl2. Separatory funnel was gently shaken in an upside down manner and the stopcock was also opened a bit to release pressure. The CH2Cl2, lower layer was drained into a clean flask. This extraction was done twice. Then all CH2Cl2 portions were combined, the aqueous layer was discarded. The combined CH2Cl2 was returned into the separatory flask; 20ml of 6M NaOH was added. The aqueous layer was discarded and the CH2Cl2 was put in an evaporating dish, the top was covered with aluminum foil which has some perforations, and it was kept in the locker to let it dry. Fig. 7 Tea extract being transferred into the separatory funnel The next step was the sublimation, to purify the crude caffeine. The crude caffeine was transferred in a filter tube with a fitted inner test tube which served as the ‘cold finger’; this was put into a hot air bath for about 35 minutes. The cold finger was constantly filled with ice water. Fig. 8 Sublimation set-up, hot air bath The inner tube was carefully removed, the caffeine clinging into the cold finger was scraped off kept in a vial and weighed. The last procedure was the melting point determination. In this part, first the caffeine was grinded into a very fine powder. An end of a capillary tube was sealed by heating it, while rotating at 45? angle from the blue portion of the Bunsen burner flame. Using the open end of the capillary tube, pulverized caffeine crystal was scoop, and the height was 0. 5cm. To pack the caffeine well at the bottom of the capillary tube, we let it fall inside a 1m glass tubing. Once it was well packed it was fastened with the thermometer and standard using a rubber. The thermometer was clamped and dipped into a beaker filled with cooking oil. It was heated using the Bunsen burner and a loop of #12 copper wire was used to make sure the heat of the cooking oil is distributed; we also made sure that the capillary tube did not directly touch the beaker so it wouldn’t burn. The melting point of the standard and the caffeine was observed and recorded. Fig. 9 Cooking oil stirred with copper wire to distribute heat Appendix %yield = wt. caffeine (g)wt. tea leaves g x 100 %yield = 0. 0057g5. 3692g x 100 %yield = 0. 11% References: [1] angelfire. com/blog/caffeinechem/ [2] spot. pcc. edu/~chandy/241/CaffeineExtractionCH2CCl2. pdf [3] scribd. com/doc/35716872/Extraction-of-Caffeine-from-Tea-Leaves [4 ]http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20090721101813AALFlRu [5] Garcia, G. (2005). Laboratory Experiments in Organic Chemistry. University of Santo Tomas, Manila.

Herring, George C. Americas Longest War essays

Herring, George C. America's Longest War essays Herring writes a broad and sweeping history of the Vietnam War, fitting it within its historical context. He recounts how two sisters, riding elephants, led a rebellion against China's dominance in the first century A.D. just as they resisted French imperialism in the 20th century. He demonstrates how the roots of the American/Vietnam War were seeded in 1945 when Vietnam first declared its independence from France, and how the United States helped France re-establish itself there while claiming friendship with Vietnam. By the late 40's, the United States was worried about the spread of Communism in Europe. During that time, Herring reports that Vietnam made overtures to the United States that were badly managed and affected by cultural and racial prejudice, setting up a pattern that would result in American concerns about the spread of communism in Southeast Asia as well as Eastern Europe. Communist China saw the advantage and began giving the aid to Vietnam that the U. S. had declined to give, and the U. S. shifted its support more to France, and the outbreak of the Korean Conflict served to confirm U. S. fears about communism. By the time Eisenhower took office, government leaders fully embraced the "domino theory," that if Vietnam became Communist, the rest of the region's countries would fall to communism, one by one. Given actions of Vietnam leaders, such as invading Laos, this view made some sense. Herring wrote a book that told a complex story as compactly as possible while including the political, military and diplomatic influences that led to the events as they took place. He also includes enough information about the Vietnamese view to make their actions and reactions Herring's theme seems to be that we can only look at events as they unfold from the perspective we have at the time. Coming to Vietnam after triumphantly spearheading a monumental mili...

Learn a Computer Programming Language Online for Free

Learn a Computer Programming Language Online for Free Many new graduates find frustration in today’s job market as employers increasingly focus on hiring employees with concrete skills rather than diplomas alone. Even those looking to work in non-computer related fields will often find that regardless of major, graduates now need coding skills and many employers give priority to applicants with some knowledge of HTML or Javascript. Learning a programming language is an excellent way to improve your resume and make yourself more marketable. Those with access to a computer can learn a programming language online without paying to attend a university course. Learning to program at a beginner level can be surprisingly intuitive and a great introduction to a career in  technology. Regardless of age or level of familiarity with computers, there is a way for you to study and learn online. e-Books From Universities and More For the last few decades, books have been used as one of the primary means of learning to program. There are many books available for free, often in digital versions online. One popular series is called  Learn Code the Hard Way and uses a code immersion strategy that allows students to perform code work first, and then explains what happened. Contrary to the name, this approach is very effective at reducing the difficulty of explaining programming concepts to novice coders. For those looking to get started with the basics of programming rather than focusing on a specific language, MIT offers a free text called  Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs. This text is offered alongside free assignments and course instruction to allow a student to learn to use Scheme to understand many important computer science principles. Online Tutorials Interactive tutorials are a smart choice for those with a tight schedule that want to steadily improve with a few minutes time a day rather than setting aside a large block of time all at once. A great example of an interactive tutorial for learning programming is Hackety Hack, which provides an easy way to learn the basics of programming using the Ruby language. Those looking for a different language prefer starting with an easier language like Javascript or Python. Javascript is often considered an essential language for anyone looking to work with web pages and can be explored using the interactive tool provided on  CodeAcademy. Python is well regarded as a simple-to-learn language of great use to those who need to develop more complex systems than Javascript allows for. LearnPython is a good interactive tool for those who want to start programming in Python. Free, Interactive Online Programming Courses In contrast to the single-serving format provided by interactive tutorials, many people prefer to learn in  Massively Open Online Courses  - a format similar to those provided at universities. Many courses have been put online to offer interactive methods to take a full course on programming. The website Coursera provides content from 16 different universities and has been used by more than one million â€Å"Courserians.† One of the participating schools is Stanford University, which provides excellent courses on such topics as algorithms, cryptography, and logic. Harvard, UC Berkeley, and MIT have teamed up to offer a large number of courses on the edX website. With courses like software as a service (SAS) and Artificial Intelligence, the edX system is an excellent source of modern instruction on fairly new technologies. Udacity is a smaller and more basic provider of interactive courseware, with instruction on such topics as building a blog, testing software, and building a search engine. In addition to providing online courses, Udacity also hosts meetups in 346 cities around the world for those that benefit from in-person interactions as well. Static Programming OpenCourseWare Interactive courses are sometimes too advanced for those who need lots of time or are unfamiliar with technology. For those in such a situation, another alternative is to try static OpenCourseWare materials such as those provided by MIT’s Open Courseware, Stanford’s Engineering Everywhere or many other programs. Learn More Whatever your method of learning, once you have identified your schedule and what fits your study style, you will be surprised at how quickly you can pick up a new skill and make yourself more marketable. Updated/edited by Terri Williams

Russian Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Russian Foreign Policy - Essay Example Beside the policy, the paper also presents a degree of predictability and non-cooperation in the Russian foreign policy towards the west. The annexation of Crimea in March 2014 which entailed threatening of the Ukraine’s sovereignty and the alarming of a myriad of policy makers across the west has of late brought the politics behavior of Russia back into debate amongst foreign policy experts. Despite the fact that the action was viewed as a violation of the law, Russian officials, perceived this as acting within the law. To a number of people, it did not come as surprise especially when looked from the point of quantitative analysis and social science theory. The Peninsula of Crimea and Ukraine serve the Russian’s energy interest. Besides the predictability and the non-cooperation debate, the paper will also analyze Russians use of coercive energy power during the 21st century. The main engine of the power for the country is its energy which is one of the main drivers of the economic growth globally. The coercive energy power policy is delineated as the process of providing economic rewards in the post soviet state through the reduction of natural gas prices, high purchasing power by Russia if the nation is exporting the same, ensuring there is the pipeline transit fees when affected country politically subordinates Russia., withdrawal of economic benefits and advantages through the natural gas prices or reduction of the purchasing prices if the nations are exporters, competitive pipeline projects, pipeline transit fees in order to make other actors within the post soviet space conduct something that they wouldn’t otherwise do through the use of Russians political and economic powerful instruments. The geographical location of the country makes its resources available to the existing demand e.g Europe, China, East and Southern areas of Asia. However, the transfer of natural gas can only

The incredible trust we put in technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The incredible trust we put in technology - Essay Example In the business world, technology has made work to be both cheaper and easier. This is because there have been innovations that rest the work which was done by human beings to computers. For example, in companies financial accounting and filing was normally done by workers manually. Nowadays there have been computer softwares such as Point of Sale which do a company’s accounting much quicker as every transaction is made. This means that accounting is done on the go. This is very cheap and time saving unlike the past where it took a lot of time and money since manual receipts hard to be filed and a lot of accountants had to be hired. Technology has been used remarkably in the communication sector. Advances in technology have resulted in mediums of communications which are both cheap and fast. A good example is the use of email to communicate. Before, long distance communication used to take a long time since letters were the ones commonly used and delivery could take long. Howe ver, the advancement of technology seen the use of the internet in the communication industry. Technologies such as email have been widely used since it is both fast to communicate using an email and cheap. In fact, it is very rare to find people using the postal office to send letters which might take even a week to reach the intended person. Sending and receiving of emails takes a maximum of five minutes irrespective of the geographical distance that is between the people who are communicating. People have also relied on technology while going about normal day to day activities. For example, people can access books over the internet very easily. This has made life easier especially for students who can access reading materials over the internet. However, scholars are beginning to view technology more of an evil than a good in the society. This is because of the high dependency that human beings have developed for technology. For example, students no longer go to libraries to read books to further their knowledge. This is because of the accessibility of written materials and journals over the internet. However, these journals can be inaccurate since they are not legally published. There are also old literatures that one cannot access over the internet. Social interactions in the society are also diminishing as a result of the dependency of technology. This is due to social sites such as Facebook and Twitter, which have limited physical social interaction in that people use them to communicate and meet people over the internet (Harrington 140). The problem here is that although people are socializing over the internet, this is not as effective as physical socializing since it does not involve the physical contact in physical social interaction. For example, if someone loses a loved one there is a difference in sending them a consolation note and physically going to console them. Physically consoling them is much personal and better. Overdependence of technolog y has also resulted in the society becoming dumber. This is because people often use search engines to find answers to various questions. People refer to articles in the internet if they want to find information rather than do that in books and creditability becomes a matter of contention. For instance, one might Google to find out whether on earth there are extra terrestrial beings. If the first search result is an article that supports

Management and Leadership Analysis for TESCO Company Essay

Management and Leadership Analysis for TESCO Company - Essay Example But in terms of foreign establishment, it is recommended that TESCO should apply Behavioral Leadership approach along with its Task Performance and Maintenance Performance categories. Democratic style of leadership is recommended in general conditions but to counter the high internal and external threat, autocratic leadership style would beneficial to TESCO. TESCO plc is a UK based international grocery and general products retail chain. With respect to worldwide sales and UK market share, Tesco is the largest British retailer that currently has profit greater than 03 billion pounds while at the same time it is 3rd largest global retailer based on revenue, after United State’s Wal-Mart and France’s Carrefour. Presently TESCO is operating 923 grocery stores and approximately 240,000 workers. During the last decade, the company has expanded its network to new UK supermarkets in new territories. Moreover, from 1994 to 2004, the company had launched its operations in 12 international markets including Central Europe and Asian markets. TESCO’s internationalization has direct repercussions on its operational management. It includes a variety of planning, retail designing and process, operational management and controlling, stock management, and human resource management. Several internal and external factors have created serious implications for TESCO during recent years. Along with other UK and US markets, TESCO has also been affected by the global recession and has economic concerns through the credit crunch. Rising prices of raw material used for food and non-food products has created an overall negative impact on profit margins. As far as market competitors are concerned, United State’s Wal-Mart is a persisting threat for TESCO that may take over the market with respect to profit and share.

Food Biotechnology - The Production and Growth of Vegetables and Fruit Assignment

Food Biotechnology - The Production and Growth of Vegetables and Fruits - Assignment Example This also means that customers will not to have to use a lot of funds for food because the cost of producing is less (Liles, 2011). Using biotechnology in both the production and growth of vegetables and fruits has allowed scientists to modify the way fruits and vegetables ripen. Normally, vegetables and fruits continue to mature after harvesting (Liles, 2011). Therefore, they must be rushed to the marketplace and sold fast while they are fresh. Genetically produced fruits and vegetables can be collected when ripe. After they are harvested, the ripening process stops. This gives the fruits and vegetables a longer shelf life than the organically produced fruits (Liles, 2011). These genetic modifications also boost a plants resistance to pests, disease, herbicides, insecticides or even severe weather conditions. Genetic manufacturing has also altered a plant's dietetic makeup, making it richer in various minerals or vitamins than organically produced fruits. In spite of harvesting countless of genetically produced plants, experts still do not have a comprehensible understanding of how these genetic modifications affect the human body in the long run. This is because these food kinds of stuff have been accessible since the early 90’s (Liles, 2011). Monsanto, the main GM seed developer in the globe and the institute that offers most research answers to the FDA, argues that the GM seed is undamaging to humans. Nevertheless, some experts have found that GM plants have, in reality, alter the lifespan of humans. The GM plants have also caused diseases to insects and also altered their cognitive abilities, which feed on these plants. Another disadvantage is that the genes might be transmitted to other crops that they are not planned to go in and lead to difficulties since the transmission of the genes would not be recognized (Liles, 2011).  Consumers might get an allergic response to the food when they eat food that is contaminated wit h the bacteria or gene transmitted via cross-pollination unintentionally.  

Leprosy in the Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leprosy in the Middle Ages - Essay Example If unchecked, it can result to loss of neural consciousness, blindness as well as local paralysis. Leprosy represented a major moral, social as well as health concern in the middle Ages. Few ailments have conjured the social reactions, which leprosy did in the middle Ages. Some primordial communities undertook exclusionary actions to isolate socially persons with the ailment. Other communities, whereas acknowledging the ailment, treated persons similar to normal citizens as well with compassion. This paper will discuss leprosy in the middle ages. Experts consent that Hansen’s disease was a familiar ailment in mediaeval Europe although opinions range as to its pervasiveness in the period. Writers have proposed that the ailment might have reached its peak in the 20th and 30th eras.4 They grounded this assumption upon the discovery that the total number of hospices started to care for persons with the ailment were many in the 20th and 30th centuries. For instance, in the middle o f 20th era, France had around two thousand leprosariums whereas Scotland and England had about two hundred and twenty to cater for around 1.5 m persons with leprosy. Nevertheless, some of these hospices never served persons with the ailment as well as the dread of the ailment might have resulted to over-exaggeration of its pervasiveness.3 Stereotypically, the medieval societies saw persons with the ailment as untrustworthy, unclean, wrathful, suspicious and hopeless. To the primordial citizen, Hansen’s disease meant a lengthy, disfiguring, as well as inevitable demise. Given the alleged fears of the ailment, primordial citizens evaded people with the ailment.5 Primordial citizens were apprehensive that they might contact Hansen’s disease from associating with persons with the illness and officials habitually made provisions within primordial law, for instance, prohibitions concerning ownership of property. For instance, primordial French communities regularly denied ow nership rights to persons with leprosy. Other communities approved laws to limit the personal free will of persons with leprosy, for instance, the 1276 inquests of London that stated that persons with Hansen’s disease could not reside within the city.6 Primordial communities established other restraints. For example, some individuals believed the Hansen’s disease could be contracted via the breath; therefore, persons with the ailment were only allowed to communicate only they were on down wind.1 Certain communities banned them from utilizing well-travelled roads, enter taverns, market, and even churches with no permission. Medieval communities also banned them from doing laundry within local streams, utilizing public drinking mugs, and touching babies. Restraints varied amid communities, for instance, certain Scottish communities hung or took them out of the village, whereas others allowed them to move around freely. Rendering to Kealey (1981), during 12th century Engl and, persons with the Hansen’s disease were not detested or removed from community, and leper bells and clappers were not used. One of the utmost dramatic social restraints upon persons with the Hansen’s disease was their isolation from mainstream community that was carried out for at least 8 centuries. Primordial citizens believed they might contract leprosy via association.1 Therefore, communities guaranteed that avoids were upheld amid those with and without the ailment. For

Tax Researh memo (Corporate Formation and Basis Calculation) Research Paper

Tax Researh memo (Corporate Formation and Basis Calculation) - Research Paper Example Fred Horn decides to contribute equipment that has a basis of $100,000 and an FMV of $80,000. Sam Yang will provide his legal services to Acme, Inc., which has an FMV of $20,000, and Wade Kent will use his know-how to develop software that will mass-produce the road runner trap. This software development is worth $75,000 and in addition, Wade Kent will contribute cash worth $100,000. The four shareholders will receive a share of stock as follows: Barry – 140, Fred –150, Sam – 40, and Wade – 350. Each share costs $500. Issue: It was the decision of the four shareholders to come together to form Acme, Inc. However, since each has a personal contribution to the formation of Acme, Inc., there are tax implications involved. Therefore, the issue is that the four shareholders would like to know what tax implications of the formation of Acme, Inc. are to them considering the analysis of their realized and recognized gains/losses. Another issue is the tax implicati on of the transaction to Acme, Inc., including the basis of the assets the shareholders will include in their books. Authorities: District of Columbia v. Universal Computers Assocs. Code Section 351 Code Section 83 Conclusion: Software is classified as a property. However, the classification of software as a property should specify that software is an intangible property. Know-how being non-discardable is also classified as a property, and more specifically as an intangible property for that matter. Any gain or loss recognized by any shareholder will be guided by the satisfaction of the conditions of the Code Section 351. Wade will not have any loss or gain recognized since there is a transfer of property. A cash or property contribution in return for long-term debt, such as bond, does not qualify for Section 351 treatment. Therefore, Wade’s cash contribution is not considered under the Code Section 351 as he receives 175,000 of stock in return. Analysis: Barry will contribut e a land and a building in return of stock shares. The land has a basis of $60,000 and an FMV of $80,000. Acme, Inc. will also assume a mortgage of $90,000 on the land. The amount realized will include $170,000 from the stock shares ($500 per stock share x 340 stock shares). Therefore, Barry will realize a gain of $20,000 of cash, $170,000 from stock and the $90,000 mortgage. The asset-by-asset analysis would be: the total amount of the FMV of the assets transferred would be $200,000 + 80,000 + 90,000, which gives $370,000. From this, the land portion is $200,000 and the building portion is $170,000, which translates to 54% for the land and 46% for the building out of 100% that represents $370,000 (total amount of the assets transferred by Barry). When portioned according to the percentages, the total FMV of the stock received would be $170,000 (Building of $91,800 + Land of $78,200). The total cash realized would be $20,000, which would come from both the building and the land, wit h the building contributing $10,800 and the land contributing $9,200. He would recognize a total of $10,800 from the land and $92,000 from the building. Therefore, his would recognize a total of $102,800 from his transfers. He would, however, receive a basis of $60,000 in stock (60,000 + 90,000 – 20,000 + 20,000 – 90,000 = 60,000). He will also have gains realized as follows: from the

Leprosy in the Middle Ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leprosy in the Middle Ages - Essay Example If unchecked, it can result to loss of neural consciousness, blindness as well as local paralysis. Leprosy represented a major moral, social as well as health concern in the middle Ages. Few ailments have conjured the social reactions, which leprosy did in the middle Ages. Some primordial communities undertook exclusionary actions to isolate socially persons with the ailment. Other communities, whereas acknowledging the ailment, treated persons similar to normal citizens as well with compassion. This paper will discuss leprosy in the middle ages. Experts consent that Hansen’s disease was a familiar ailment in mediaeval Europe although opinions range as to its pervasiveness in the period. Writers have proposed that the ailment might have reached its peak in the 20th and 30th eras.4 They grounded this assumption upon the discovery that the total number of hospices started to care for persons with the ailment were many in the 20th and 30th centuries. For instance, in the middle o f 20th era, France had around two thousand leprosariums whereas Scotland and England had about two hundred and twenty to cater for around 1.5 m persons with leprosy. Nevertheless, some of these hospices never served persons with the ailment as well as the dread of the ailment might have resulted to over-exaggeration of its pervasiveness.3 Stereotypically, the medieval societies saw persons with the ailment as untrustworthy, unclean, wrathful, suspicious and hopeless. To the primordial citizen, Hansen’s disease meant a lengthy, disfiguring, as well as inevitable demise. Given the alleged fears of the ailment, primordial citizens evaded people with the ailment.5 Primordial citizens were apprehensive that they might contact Hansen’s disease from associating with persons with the illness and officials habitually made provisions within primordial law, for instance, prohibitions concerning ownership of property. For instance, primordial French communities regularly denied ow nership rights to persons with leprosy. Other communities approved laws to limit the personal free will of persons with leprosy, for instance, the 1276 inquests of London that stated that persons with Hansen’s disease could not reside within the city.6 Primordial communities established other restraints. For example, some individuals believed the Hansen’s disease could be contracted via the breath; therefore, persons with the ailment were only allowed to communicate only they were on down wind.1 Certain communities banned them from utilizing well-travelled roads, enter taverns, market, and even churches with no permission. Medieval communities also banned them from doing laundry within local streams, utilizing public drinking mugs, and touching babies. Restraints varied amid communities, for instance, certain Scottish communities hung or took them out of the village, whereas others allowed them to move around freely. Rendering to Kealey (1981), during 12th century Engl and, persons with the Hansen’s disease were not detested or removed from community, and leper bells and clappers were not used. One of the utmost dramatic social restraints upon persons with the Hansen’s disease was their isolation from mainstream community that was carried out for at least 8 centuries. Primordial citizens believed they might contract leprosy via association.1 Therefore, communities guaranteed that avoids were upheld amid those with and without the ailment. For

Growing Number of Kindergarten Franchises Essay Example for Free

Growing Number of Kindergarten Franchises Essay The preschool market is the fastest growing sector of the education industry in China presently. Over the span of last seven years, the industry has grown at an annualized rate of 10. 3% from 2006. The industry showcased increasing revenues in the period of 2006-2012, owing to the inflating tuition fees charged by the growing number of the private kindergartens. The enrollment figures have also shown a progressive trend throughout the years, instigated by the growing market presence and awareness about the importance of the pre-primary education amongst masses. Kindergartens in China are responsible for providing both childcare and preschool education to the children aged 3-6 years. The transition of Chinese economy from publicly administered to market-run has put a great impact on the kindergarten market of the country. Private sector funded kindergartens have gained increasing hold over the overall market and had accounted for a dominant share in 2012. Rural areas of China host the maximum of the kindergartens which are primarily run by the education department or are publicly funded. However, with a rising number of private entities adopting the franchised business model to operate in the underpenetrated market of China preschool industry, the urban areas have showcased an increasing share of enrollments over the years. The preschool industry of China is characterized by a high degree of fragmentation with increasing number of players implementing acquisition expansion strategies to build on their market shares. RYB Education, Oriental BabyCare, Gymboree Play and Music are some of the chief brand names operating in the market. Other emerging players include Noah Education holdings, Beijing Hongying Education group, I Love Gym etc. A significant number of publicly led kindergartens also are prominent in China which includes players such as Huijia Kindergarten and Hong Huanlan Education Group. Increasing number of working mothers has led to an increasing demand for the kindergartens in the country. Additionally, the large population base of the country promises an increasing cohort of children aged under- six, which presents huge opportunities for the foreign and domestic investors to attain growing levels of revenues in coming years. Additionally, the talent-based trainings provided in the kindergartens of China, has also welcomed a growing number of children to participate in the preschool programs. However, the trend of bilingual kindergartens is being most prominently witnessed in this sector, stressing the growing importance of early language training, as preferred by parents. The report â€Å"China Pre-primary Education and Childcare Industry Outlook to 2017† provides detailed overview on the preschool industry from various perspectives. The report encloses a comprehensive analysis of the various segments of the market reflecting the present scenario and future growth affected by changing industry dynamics in coming years. Additionally, the report also entails information about the government rules and policies, rational analysis of the macroeconomic factors, along with the competitive landscape of the pre-primary education and childcare industry. The report will help industry consultants, companies and other stakeholders to align their market centric strategies according to ongoing and expected trends in future. For more information on the industry research report please refer to the below mentioned link: http://www. kenresearch. com/education/pre-school-education/china-pre-primary-education-market-research-report/401-99. html.

Tokyo Midtowns Architecture Development

Tokyo Midtowns Architecture Development The Tokyo Midtown was built between 2004-2007, which is a 101,000 square meter mixed-use development located in Roponggi, Tokyo, Japan. This project design was begun on August 2002 and the construction of the project was begun on May 2004 and completed on March 2007. There is a 400-year-old Hinokicho Park within the site was refurbished. The U.S. Army was stayed in this site as a barrack during World War II, the Japanese Defense Agency occupied this site after the army left. Consequently, Japanese Government sold the site in 2001 and Mitsui Fudosan won it. There was an archaeological exploration conducted during 2002 and 2003. During the exploring period, over fifty thousand pieces of pottery and two pieces of gold coins from Edo-period (1596-1698) were found out. The mixed-use development includes office, residential, retail, hotel, museum and leisure space. The total floor area of the development is 563, 800 square meters. There are over 50% of the project is designed to be open sp ace. Tokyo Midtown is located at two main street roads in roponggi district, there is a large lawn included in the site. Besides the class A office, residential units, High-end retail and hotel, and the museum, there is 50 percentage of site area are parks, plazas, promenades and streetscapes. In Tokyo, green space is only a private garden or scared space. The definition of green space is different from other cities. The green space used to be appreciated rather than utilizing. Citizens are not encouraged to use the green space and public events are not promoted to happen in such area. The primary developer, Mitsui Fudosan would like to change this old mind of green area and bring the new trend of Green Park. Thus, Tokyo Midtown was designed to be the new urban oasis in Roponggi district. Imperial Palace is not only the largest public open space in Tokyo, but also a good case to show the typology of traditional Japanese landscape. The parkland of Imperial Palace is surrounded by the wall, which isolates the palace from the city’s context. The cultural and historical valuable of the palace was abandoned, that the landscape of palace is cut off by the wall as an island, and there is no associated development next to the palace. This kind of traditional landscape promotes privacy and peaceful rather than connection between urban context. The developer would like to introduce a new landscape typology to the city. His approach is to create a unique sequence of open space which is new trend of connective landscape. The project’s developer promotes a new Japanese landscape design by creating a unique urban movement in the complex. The Tokyo Midtown a welcoming and attractive space which can stimulate the social and cultural interaction, thus the life of the place will be activated. This project is an architectural expression in landscape which can provide an open and green space for events. The historical green space Hinokicho Park is part of landscape and was refurbished. There are mainly three primary movements for the landscape in Tokyo Midtown. Firstly, the existing park is extended to the newer green areas. Secondly, there are a series of water features begin at the plaza. Thirdly, the water features flow down toward the greenery. There were 40 mature cherry trees preserved from the old site and transplanted on new site. Those trees are used to create a new cherry promenade by connecting the entry to Hinokicho Park. There are over thousands of visitors attracted to here for gathering and celebrating the cule of seasons, during the blossom season of cherry. In recent years, podium type development becomes the main new typology of large-scale development, especially in Hong Kong. The advantage of this typology is to provide a convenient and efficient connection from the upper level to the mass transit by the footbridge network. However, this typology has been produced less vibrant street life. The functional relationship between building and urban street grid has been lost. The public space has been separated from the existing neighborhood, thus the development has been isolated from urban street. Tokyo Midtown is a successful large-scale development with podium and tower that diminish the drawback of podium design. It undertakes a more sustainable approach to the new large-scale development. The development of Tokyo Midtown has achieved the sustainable design approach by several criteria as below: First of all, the development of Tokyo Midtown took the opportunity to integrate this new development into the existing areas by creating great places which can improve the original district and bring a long-term value. This place-making approach is achieved by promoting the public spaces with landscape. The sense of space is created by adding the attractive street furniture and public art in the landscape, such as the lush mature tree canopy in the entrance. This canopy can emphasize the existing site characteristic and enhance the site’s cultural and historical value. The landscape design improves the flexibility of space, so that public and private events will be promoted in order to facilitate the social interaction and vitality in this place. For example, the cherry promenade provides the linkage to the Hinokicho Park and also a place for gathering and celebrating the beauty of the trees during the bloom season. Thousands of visitors attract by it and go there with a blan ket, picnic, and drinks. The high quality design of Tokyo Midtown activates the existing space and brings economic incomes, and reflects the character of the surrounding area. This mix-used development incorporated hotel, office, residential, retail, restaurants, museum and parks. It provides a small community for people to live, work and enjoy their leisure time. Besides, the Tokyo Midtown introduces the pedestrian connectivity in both physical and psychological way. Visitors can experience a rich and vibrant pedestrian through visiting the tree-lined street and pleasant walkway. The lining of trees refurbishes the existing subway stop and redirects the ground passenger to the new exit at Tokyo Midtown. The place-making approach is also strengthened by providing high-quality public realm. It lets wide range of activities happen in this area. The unique identity landmarks, the 54 storeys Mori Tower has been incoporated in the whole development which is the tallest building in Tokyo. It increases the attractiveness of the destination. Secondly, Tokyo Midtown has well integrated with the infrastructure and the surrounding transport network. It provides a high standard connection to the transit and improves the connection between site and surrounding area at the ground level. Tokyo Midtown is not a project only concern the spatial quality within the site boundary, but also to provide the mix-used development with a wider site context and great impact on surrounding area. Citizens criticize that walled developments issue would be raised as the project with infrastructure is easily being isolated from the urban due to the poor integration of surrounding. This project includes 5 buildings, a high-end retail, luxury department, class A office space, luxury department, medical center. These 5 buildings surround a skyscraper with 248m height. The whole development is well integrated to the adjacent park and the Roppongi railway station. Roppongi railway station is a famous station along the Toei Oedo Line. Tokyo Midtown p rovides a successful access to the exit of railway station through the spatial arrangement of the open space. There is good public transport connection provided. The Roppongi railway station is well connected to the public transport interchanges within the Tokyo Midtown. The site is quite near the Roppongi Hills development which is less than 0.8 kilometer. The Roppongi Hill is surrounded by the vehicle-dominated road infrastructure and connects to podium of Tokyo Midtown. The majority of the edges are connected to the street level, it breaks down the traditional podium language. This project has well integration between land use and the transport in both physical and social aspects. Sustainable strategy Large-scale development usually bring negative impact on surrounding area or the wider context, as developer usually only focus on designing the area within the site, the adjacent area may not be their concern. Tokyo Midtown is a large-scale development which has been well integrated with the surrounding area. The design of this project is base on the sustainable development principles and the urban design guidelines, so that it will keep integrating and sustainable in a long-term period. The resource efficiency and environmental friendly approach is also adopted in development. The floor area of the whole development is concentrated in one quadrant of the site, so that the urban park area can be maximized. There is more than 40 percent of the site area is designed as an urban park which act as a main connection between the site and the community greenbelt. Tokyo Midtown promotes sustainability at the neighborhood and district levels, the spatial quality of the pedestrian environment at the street level is enhanced. As a result, the walkability and the livability within the site area and also the district are gradually improved. The location and proportion of program of the whole development is concerned to improve the sustainability in environmental, social and economic aspect. There are over 150 shops and restaurants offered in the high-end retail area, 500 luxury residential units, several office towers, a Ritz-Carlton hotel, 800-seat conservation center and an art museum provided in development, which can benefit the district in social and economic way. The large green open space which occupies 40 percent of site area can benefit the district in environmental way. The open space is designed to guide visitor walk from surrounding streets and sidewalk to the site. A sense of â€Å"on the ground† is promoted by touching the earth and nature. There are some view corridors, transparent material, bridges and plazas visually open and connect to the open spa ce in order to lead the visitor from the park to the nature. The design of water feature is to lead the visitors to the park and guide them down though meandering pathway to the 21_21 Design Museum and the traditional Japanese Garden. New district ‘s image Before the completion of Tokyo Midtown, Roppongi was a well-known district as a night town. Roponggi was a place which is full of entertainment hub and with abandoned traditional neighborhood. The developer Mitsui Fudosan would like to change the public perception of Roppongi district from a night town to an update image which is a vitalized daytime district. Tokyo Midtown is a development to provide a balance mix of business and living place to the district, in which the cultural amenities will be highly respected. Moreover, Tokyo Midtown is a hope as business and economy revival of Japan, it designed to represent the best characteristic of Japanese society by the mixed-use development. The Japanese government treats it as a priority urban redevelopment area†. This mixed-use development has integrated with a public park , which promotes an environmental friendly and commercial active attraction in this district, thus it benefit to the entire neighborhood and enhance the econom ic value of Roppongi. To match with this large green park, the famed Suntory Museum of Art was relocation. Consequently, the green park, museum, Tokyo National Art Center and Roppongi Hill will be well connected. The community park is merged with the existing greenbelt and connects to those abandoned nearby green space such as the gorunds of Tokyo government cemetery and a Shinto religious shrine.

History of Philippine Cinema :: Philippine Arts Film Movies Essays

History of Philippine Cinema Introduction The youngest of the Philippine arts, film has evolved to become the most popular of all the art forms. Introduced only in 1897, films have ranged from silent movies to talkies; black and white to color. Outpacing its predecessors by gaining public acceptance, from one end of the country to the other, its viewers come from all walks of life. Nationwide, there are more than 1000 movie theaters. Early in the 1980s, it was estimated in Metro Manila alone, there were around 2.5 million moviegoers. As an art form, it reflects the culture and the beliefs of the people it caters to and most times, is the one who shapes their consciousness. Philippine film as discussed in this paper includes films made by Filipino people exhibited in this country and possibly in other countries from the 1930s to the 1990s. The films may be silent pictures or talkies, black and white or color. They also include films such as documentaries, animation, experimental or alternative films and other types of films. This paper has three purposes or objectives. It intends, first of all, to provide a comprehensible background of the art of film in the Philippines. It provides insights on how the Philippine film has influenced Philippine culture and vice-versa. This is done by documenting the important events and important films in the area of film for the past ninety years. Second, it intends to explain the different trends and styles common in the Philippine film. And finally, it concludes with an analysis on how two important events in history, namely World War II and Martial Law altered the course of contemporary Philippine film. However, this paper is limited to films only from the particular time period of the 1930s to the 1990s. It fails to give a picture of how films were like ever since it started in 1897. This paper is also severely limited due to the unavailability and the lack of materials that discuss thoroughly the history of Philippine film. Film materials for those made during the pre-WWII years are simply non-existent. Data for this paper was gathered from the essays and reviews written by the artists and the critics themselves. It goes without saying that the resources were tested to the limits. CHAPTER 1 I. The 1930s to 1940s A. Early Philippine Films Filipinos started making movies in 1919. However, it would be important to know that the film industry in the Philippines began through the initiative of foreign entrepreneurs.

Describing a personal experience in helping the community :: essays research papers

Two lunchtimes a week I take part in my school’s Earth Dwellers Recycling Club. I take part in recycling as I feel that I am actually making a difference to the local environment’s current litter pollution issues. By recycling, more pollution is cut down from our school, and hopefully, our school fraternity will look up to our example and perhaps be inspired to do the same in their future years. I also hoped to gain skills such as teamwork, social-skills, and any other to be achieved. The school does not have to pay extra fees to hire garbage collectors within school, so a lot of hard labour and money is saved. This activity only requires some time, effort and consideration from pupils belonging to the school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The activities affected other members of staff as they did not have to partake in any tasks and simply had to dispose of their litter with more thought and not have to do our job, which was nevertheless achieved in our spare time. I believe I gained social-interaction skills as a lot was needed to perform procedures such as carrying the bins, asking each-other to collect resources e.g. hygiene gloves and simply communicating when assigning each team to different floors and I was also quite proud of helping new members to join the team, as they also valued being welcome in the team and my guided help showing them how to recycle and perform procedures correctly. I also feel that I have gained a higher self esteem, as Neil Armstrong once said, â€Å"one small step for man, means one giant leap for mankind† as if all schools contribute to recycling and follow our example, we may be able to make a large-scale difference to litter-pollution, and pupils attitudes in general. I also feel more apt in being encouraged to take part in group-tasks, and activities, which make a true difference e.g. recycling, thus the activity has also raised my confidence levels greatly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A large impact of my activities was put on teachers and those in the school who pay for garbage collectors, as they need not worry about the recycling bins since we are continuously taking part and recycling all the schools recyclable waste materials. Impact from recycling is put on most pupils, members of staff and anyone who enters this school as the reduction of litter provides a warmer, tidier and more environmentally-friendly atmosphere to the school, which is crucial for those pupils who rely on surroundings to make them feel more comfortable to learn.

Administration of a Staffing System

The type of staffing organization can vary greatly from one company to another. How the staffing function is structured depends on the company's size, type, strategy, budget, and staffing needs. In small organizations, all staffing may be handled by the owner or general manager. In mid-sized organizations, one or more HR generalists may be responsible for handling staffing along with a variety of HR duties. In large organizations, complex staffing departments with dedicated professionals may be created to handle extensive staffing needs. Other key decisions include the option of having a centralized or decentralized staffing function (discussed previously in this course) or whether to outsource some or all staffing functions. The establishment of written policies and procedures to manage the staffing system is extremely important in the process. Established guidelines help to keep the staffing system operating according to the staffing strategy. When there are clear, consistent policies and procedures to follow, the intent of the staffing function is clear. This keeps everyone playing by the same rules with the same focus in mind. The selection, implementation, and administration of staffing system technology is another important aspect. There are many types of technology available to help make the staffing function more efficient and effective. The careful consideration of staffing related technology can help ease the administrative burden of this HR function. The decision to outsource some or all staffing functions, and the management of the outsourced functions is a key factor in staffing. Outsourcing some or all staffing related functions may be appropriate for some organizations. It can be a good business decision, but must be managed properly to ensure that the goals of the organization are met and the quality of staffing is maintained. Recordkeeping and reporting, auditing, addressing privacy and other legal concerns regarding staffing is important. One of the most overlooked, but most important, areas within staffing involves proper and efficient recordkeeping and reporting of activities.

How iCloud provides advantages to Apple Inc. Customers Essay

Innovations in Information Technology expanding rapidly and synergistic with the development of modern society that has the characteristics of high mobility, look for a flexible service, easy-paced and satisfying. The need for systems and methods reliably to the individuals or companies are increasing due to globalization where the business movement is growing so fast. Apple included in the top 25 company in forbes magazine The assessment is based on their Rankings for sales, profits, assets and market value. In 2012, Apple posted quarterly revenue of $36.0 billion and quarterly net profit of $8.2 billion, or $8.67 per diluted share. International sales accounted for 60 percent of the quarter’s revenue. During the quarter, the company sold 26.9 million iPhones, 14 million iPad, 4.9 million Macs and 5.3 million iPods. iCloud is a cloud computing based technology of apple which seamlessly integrated into devices that allows users to synchronize data such as photos, music, and documents into an iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, Mac and the computer automatically at the same time. Users can access anywhere and anytime without the need to back up data manually. Furthermore, the system will automatically sync music or applications that have been purchased through Apple’s iTunes on all devices connected to the account. Not only that, iCloud also stores all the data of purchase on iTunes. It allows users to download music or apps back ever purchased using any device without having to buy back. During the fourth-quarter of 2012, Apple announced that iCloud has 190 million users, which increased significantly from 150 million users in July and the 125 million in April. In terms of accessing iCloud, Apple customers just need to register or sign up iCloud with their Apple ID and password, and then a free storage of 5GB will be theirs unconsciously. This storage space can be use for anything that customers want from hottest music’s, latest photograph, articles, and eBooks. Users who need more can purchase $20 per year for 10GB of additional storage (for a total of 15GB), $40 for 20GB and $100 for 50GB. Similarly there are also numerous advantages that are security, easy of access even situated in remote places as long as you have your ID and password, trouble-free development, and most of all friendly to the surroundings or environment. Besides that, iCloud is also eco-friendly which helps you to cutback the operating cost of electrical energy. Based on Porter’s Three Generic Strategies, iCloud system for apple devices adopted differentiation competitive advantage. Apple strong echo-system of cloud sharing and product integration could guarantee success, as apple products is unchallanged by its competitors. Apple Inc. key success is every product that apple release compliments the next with great sinergy, so innovation not only create excitement of long lines at new product launches, but also can become foundations for entire ecosystems. In terms of 5 Forces, Apple Inc. has a power to bargain with suppliers (games and application developers, etc.) and buyers as well. Buyer power influences the price that firms can charge, and also the cost and investment, this is due that powerful buyers demand costly services. As for the RBVF analysis, Apple has position itself as the leader in technology industry by influences a firms demand curve with the loyalty of their customers. Peter and Barney, 2003, said that A firm that has conquered a competitive advantage has created economic value than its competitors which shown by create greater benefit at the same cost compared to competitors (differentiation-based competitive advantage). The competitors for iCloud are Microsoft Windows Azure, Amazon-Aws, and Google Cloud.

Jane Eyre Marriage Quotes Essay

â€Å"He is not to them what he is to me,† I thought: â€Å"he is not of their kind. I believe he is of mine; – I am sure he is, – I feel akin to him, – I understand the language of his countenance and movements: though rank and wealth sever us widely, I have something in my brain and heart, in my blood and nerves, that assimilates me mentally to him. [†¦] I must, then, repeat continually that we are for ever sundered: – and yet, while I breathe and think I must love him.† (2.2.85) Seeing Rochester among his high-class houseguests, Jane realizes that he has more in common with her than he does with them. Despite Jane’s and Rochester’s different class backgrounds, their master-servant relationship, and the strict gender roles of Victorian society, Jane can tell that they share something intangible – but she doubts that they can overcome all the social obstacles keeping them apart. This isn’t the first time Jane has felt affection for someone – but it may be the first time she’s felt like somebody else. â€Å"Whenever I marry,† she continued, after a pause which none interrupted, â€Å"I am resolved my husband shall not be a rival, but a foil to me. I will suffer no competitor near the throne; I shall exact an undivided homage: his devotions shall not be shared between me and the shape he sees in his mirror.† (2.2.128) Blanche Ingram’s idea of a good marriage is one in which the partners are distinctly different and one partner is far superior to the other. As a stunning beauty, she doesn’t want a handsome husband, but a hideous one – that way she’ll always get all the attention. Notice how different this is from Jane’s (and Rochester’s) ideas about love and marriage–they’re drawn together because they are alike. Blanche thinks that opposites attract, but Jane knows that kindred spirits attract more strongly. Ere long, a bell tinkled, and the curtain drew up. Within the arch, the bulky figure of Sir George Lynn, whom Mr. Rochester had likewise chosen, was seen enveloped in a white sheet: before him, on a table, lay open a large book; and at his side stood Amy Eshton, draped in Mr. Rochester’s cloak, and holding a book in her hand. Somebody, unseen, rang the bell merrily; then Adà ¨le (who had insisted on being one of her guardian’s party) bounded forward, scattering round her the contents of a basket of flowers she carried on her arm. Then appeared the magnificent figure of Miss Ingram, clad in white, a long veil on her head, and a wreath of roses round her brow: by her side walked Mr. Rochester, and together they drew near the table. They knelt; while Mrs. Dent and Louisa Eshton, dressed also in white, took up their stations behind them. A ceremony followed, in dumb show, in which it was easy to recognize the pantomime of a marriage. (2.3.8) Blanche Ingram and Mr. Rochester pair up for an elaborate game of charades, and the first thing they do is play-act their own wedding, silently, in front of the other houseguests and Jane. This is the first of several not-quite-real weddings we’ll see in Jane Eyre, each of which suggests something about the actual marriages and pairings in the novel. In this particular case, the pretend wedding is meant to be a charade for the word â€Å"bride† – but that’s only the first half of the word being acted out in the game, which is â€Å"Bridewell,† a famous prison. Hmm, something that begins with a marriage ends with being in prison. Do you think that’s supposed to be some kind of OMEN or something? I saw he was going to marry her, for family, perhaps political reasons; because her rank and connexions suited him; I felt he had not given her his love, and that her qualifications were ill adapted to win from him that treasure. This was the point – this was where the nerve was touched and teazed – this was where the fever was sustained and fed: she could not charm him. (2.3.27, italics original) Jane is really hot and bothered by the idea that Rochester is going to marry Blanche, not just because she’s jealous, but also because she can tell that they are so unsuited and that Rochester himself knows exactly how flawed and unpleasant Blanche is. Jane herself knows exactly how to â€Å"charm† Rochester, how to argue with him and keep him amused and even how make him love her. Basically, the way Jane feels here is the way we feel when we see someone doing something badly that we know how to do well. She wants to take Rochester away and show Blanche how this relationship should be done – but she can’t. She has to watch and suffer in silence, as usual. I have not yet said anything condemnatory of Mr. Rochester’s project of marrying for interest and connexions. [†¦] All their class held these principles: I supposed, then, they had reasons for holding them such as I could not fathom. It seemed to me that, were I a gentleman like him, I would take to my bosom only such a wife as I could love; but the very obviousness of the advantages to the husband’s own happiness, offered by this plan, convinced me that there must be arguments against its general adoption of which I was quite ignorant: otherwise I felt sure all the world would act as I wished to act. (2.3.31) Jane doesn’t get why anyone would not marry for love, especially if they’re rich enough to do pretty much whatever they want, but she figures there must be some reason that so many people who are already wealthy and important insist on marrying to get more money and status instead of to make themselves happy. Notice that Jane doesn’t talk about her own ideas about marriage – only the ideas that she would have if she were in Rochester’s place. Somehow Jane can’t conceive of herself needing to make a choice about marrying for love or status – only of a man like Rochester doing so.

Mental Health psychosocial intervention assignment Essay

Mental Health psychosocial intervention assignment - Essay Example The patient stated that he also hears voices that he can control as long as he does not drink and stays on his medications. Patient had stated that he had bouts of depression and has had suicidal ideations. The patient knows that he needs to be compliant with his medications and has been known not to take his medicine. In thinking about new therapies for this patient you as the nurse, doctor or as a therapist should think to include more psychosocial interventions to make him feel comfortable, so that he will want to continue to take his medications and not want to drink that he knows causes his various problems. The caregivers should think about Social training groups, relaxation skills, and various activities that will improve coping skills. When the patient first arrives at the hospital for the coming admission you could ask him if he remembers doing any of this before to see about his level of consciousness. Working with any patients like Gary the caregivers should try to figure what Coping Mechanisms should be used and not used. You will have to identify the problem and set up a goal that will help the patient learn how to deal with his problem or problems. You know that the patient has recurring depression, is an alcoholic, and he says that he hears voices and can at time become violent due to these voices. The caregivers can think of ideas that can give the patient social support and strength so that he will not rely on the voices he hears. You can check into the resources that did not work and find out why he did not use them and then you can try to find new resources that may work. Case Study Gary a 51-year old male with previous admissions, but has decided to discharge himself from the hospital AMA (Against Medical Advice). The patient has a history of Depression due to financial stress and due to this stress he drinks alcohol so much that he suffers from alcoholism. The patient admits to have suicidal ideations and has even taken an overdose of his m edications. This is the reason that is being admitted this time. Due to this overdose due to feeling stress of his financial problems and then he drinks and aggressive issues arise and the patient gets into fights when the patient hears the ‘voices’ in his head telling him to hurt other people. The patient does admit that he can control the ‘voices’ when he is compliant with his medications, but when the patient is intoxicated his mental status decreases and could become violent. The patient does not always seek help in the community due to his past behaviors. Discussion of Psychosocial Interventions A review of psychosocial interventions begins with Erikson and for this patient, Gary, he needs to work on trust versus mistrust. The patient must want and feel trust with the caregivers while in the hospital and then he must feel comfortable in his community when he is discharged from the hospital. The patient must also work on autonomy versus shame and doubt. The patient can do this by wanting to learn about the how and why that his medications must be taken regularly and that he can learn to do this on his own and that he does not have to worry about his financial problems, because he will be given ideas that will help him in the community. The patient feels alone and this brings on depression and then the drinking and all the other problems and if the patient